![]() Print.Ī Navajo rug made circa 1880 Non-motivated Functions of Art Once you are ready to complete the PAs, you will have these notes to help you answer the questions thoughtfully. Be sure to document the page or place in the content where you found each note, in case you need to return to that content, or need to ask me a specific question citing module content. ![]() ![]() Then, as you read through the module content take notes on the subjects or anything that you find relevant to the PA questions. I suggest printing them out, or making notes of the keywords in each question. Read through the two performance assessments for this module BEFORE you begin the module content. The PAs for this module are answering short essay questions that are designed to test your understanding of the learning outcomes (listed above) for this module. How to study for the Performance Assessment (PA) Describe and discuss some contemporary theories in the definition of art.Define aesthetics and some variables in how we perceive and assign value to art.Recognize and summarize changing perceptions and definitions of art throughout history.The material covered in this section will help you understand how we arrived at our contemporary understanding of art and how to begin engaging in the ongoing definition and discussion of art. Visit this link to see an example of a nkisi sculpture. We will return to this example at the end of the module. The invading Europeans often destroyed the nkisi figures, which were sacred objects to the Congo people. The figures were often pierced with nails as a symbolic gesture to initiate a desired goal, like protection from an enemy. ![]() When colonizing forces of Europeans encountered African wood sculptural nkisi figures, primarily in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, they considered them to be evidence of idolatry and witchcraft or opposition to the colonizing forces (Sayre 11–12). Studying art leads to a greater understanding of our own cultural values and of the society that produced it. The idea of autonomous art or art for art’s sake developed later, over many eras. When we discuss contemporary art, we are typically referring to the practice of fine art, but prior to the Renaissance, art was defined within the realm of functional crafts, such as goldsmithing. This mirrors the complexity of engaging in the ongoing definition of art.Īrt is studied because “it is among the highest expressions of culture, embodying its ideals and aspirations, challenging its assumptions and beliefs, and creating new visions and possibilities for it to pursue” (Sayre, XVI). It is God as art.Define “art” within the context of the ongoing discussion about its meaning (course level learning objective) IntroductionĪs a thought experiment, imagine what a society without art would be like? How would buildings look? Could any kind of visual communication exist at all? It’s a provocative question that quickly necessitates defining the boundaries of what does and does not constitute art. There is individual perception that defines all of experience. There is pure perception free from cultural constructs. The human brain has inherent in its function the creation and maintenance of states of awareness that previously were claimed by religion, stating that such states were externally sent to the individual. The definition of God has had the rug pulled out again and again as various areas of science have discovered the reasons for previous God-attributed phenomena through the findings of geology, molecular biology, physics, astronomy, and now neurology. God is a creation defined by humans to address unknown phenomena. Yet, there is a perception that is free from cultural moldings of religion, government, family, society. Though the individual human defines, and thus creates, a perception of the world, that perception is measured by the cultural contexts that have influenced the individual. This paper addresses the ramifications of the sciences and the diminishing of the definition/existence of an external entity known culturally as God and the expanding of the knowledge of all humans innate profound perceptive capabilities.
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